本文共 1611 字,大约阅读时间需要 5 分钟。
Tutorial comes from
0-forms : f:R3→R 1-forms : α=adx+bdy+cdz=w<a,b,c> 2-forms : β=ady∧dz+bdz∧dx+cdx∧dy=Φ<a,b,c> 3-forms : γ=gdx∧dy∧dz1 . suppose α1 , α2 both are 1-forms
α1∧α2=−α2∧α12 . wA⃗ ∧wB⃗ =ΦA⃗ ×B⃗
3 . A⃗ ×(B⃗ ×C⃗ )≠(A⃗ ×B⃗ )×C⃗
but wA⃗ ∧(wB⃗ ∧wC⃗ )=(wA⃗ ∧wB⃗ )∧wC⃗4 . ΦA⃗ ∧wB⃗ =(A⃗ ⋅B⃗ )dx∧dy∧dz
5 . wA⃗ ∧wB⃗ ∧wC⃗ =ΦA⃗ ×B⃗ ∧wC⃗ =(A⃗ ×B⃗ )⋅C⃗ dx∧dy∧dz
6 . Hodge duality
∗wF⃗ =ΦF⃗
∗ΦF⃗ =wF⃗ ∗(g dx∧dy∧dz)=g ∗(f)=f dx∧dy∧dzp↦∗(3−p)form
7 . α=∑iαidxi
8 . dα=∑idαi∧dxid:p-forms↦(p+1)-forms
9 . ex
0 : f=x2+yz 1 : df=2xdx+zdy+ydz=w<2x,z,y>=w∇f所以 df=w∇f
10 . ex
α=yzdx−zdy+z2dz
∇×<yz,−z,z2>=det∣∣∣∣∣x^∂xyzy^∂y−zz^∂zz2∣∣∣∣∣=<1,y,−z>
所以
dwF⃗ =Φ∇×F⃗
11 .
β=x2dy∧dz+(y+z)dz∧dx+zdx∧dy
dΦ<x2,y+z,z>=(2x+1+1) dx∧dy∧dz=∇⋅<x2,y+z,z> dx∧dy∧dz
所以
dΦF⃗ =(∇⋅F⃗ ) dx∧dy∧dz12 . Identities
假设 α 为 p-form(包括0-form)
d(α+β)=dα+dβ
d(α∧β)=dα∧β+(−1)pα∧dβ d(dα)=013 . d2=0
对于 α 为0-form
d(df)=0 d(w∇f)=0 Φ∇×∇f=0⟹∇×∇f=0对于 α 为1-form
d(dwF⃗ )=0 dΦ∇×F⃗ =0 ∇⋅(∇×F⃗ ) dxdydz=0⟹∇⋅(∇×F⃗ )=014 .
d(wF⃗ ∧wG⃗ )=dwF⃗ ∧wG⃗ −wF⃗ ∧dwG⃗
dΦF⃗ ×G⃗ =Φ∇×F∧wG⃗ −wF⃗ ∧Φ∇×G⃗ ∇⋅(F⃗ ×G⃗ )dx∧dy∧dz=((∇×F⃗ )⋅G⃗ −F⃗ ⋅(∇×G⃗ ))dx∧dy∧dz ⟹∇⋅(F⃗ ×G⃗ )=((∇×F⃗ )⋅G⃗ −F⃗ ⋅(∇×G⃗ ))15 . integral
0-form : ∫{ a,b}f=f(b)−f(a)
1-form : ∫CwF⃗ =∫CF⃗ ⋅dr⃗ 2-form : ∫SΦF⃗ =∬SF⃗ ⋅dS⃗ 3-form : ∫Eg dx∧dy∧dz=∭Eg dxdydz16 . Generalized stokes’ theorems
对于任何 p-form α
∫Mdα=∫∂Mα对于 M=C
∫Cdf=∫{ a,b}f=f(b)−f(a)(=∫Cw∇f=∫C∇f⋅dr⃗ )对于 M=S
∫∂SwF⃗ =∫SdwF⃗ =∫SΦ∇×F⃗
∫∂SF⃗ ⋅dr⃗ =∬S(∇×F⃗ )⋅dS⃗
对于 M=E
∫∂EΦF⃗ =∫EdΦF⃗ ∫∂EF⃗ ⋅dS⃗ =∭E(∇⋅F⃗ ) dxdydz转载地址:http://avxdi.baihongyu.com/